Spring washers are specialized plain washers featuring a spring-like, non-flat profile engineered for light to heavy axial clamping applications. Designed to compensate for joint clearance, absorb thermal expansion, and eliminate dynamic vibration, spring washers preserve bolt preloads across automotive, aerospace, heavy machinery, and power plant assemblies. As an established spring washers manufacturer, exporter, and supplier, Intact360 Fasteners manufactures precision disc springs, wave washers, and Belleville hardware conforming strictly to international quality standards.
The spring washer family encompasses distinct profiles: Belleville & Conical Washers, DIN 2093 Disc Springs, Dome Spring Washers, Wave Spring Washers, Finger Spring Washers, and Crescent Spring Washers. Selecting the correct spring profile ensures predictable deflection curves, maximum fatigue life, and reliable axial tension.
- Belleville / Conical Washers (DIN 6796 / BN 1374): High-load conical springs designed for extreme pressure and small deflection joints.
- DIN 2093 Disc Springs: Standardized conical springs offering predictable load-deflection ratios and long fatigue lifecycle.
- Dome Spring Washers: Concave washers providing large surface contact and fluid sealing to combat cyclic vibration loosening.
- Wave Spring Washers: Compact thrust-loading washers engineered for restricted radial spaces requiring axial flexibility.
- Finger Spring Washers: Large-diameter internal threaded/flanged dampeners designed to counteract excess wear, endplay, and vibration.
- Crescent Spring Washers (Curved Springs): Wide deflection washers designed to support light to medium loads across wide travel ranges.
Belleville Washers vs DIN 2093 Disc Springs
Originally invented and patented in 1867 by Julien Belleville in Paris, conical spring washers deliver high load capacities within limited physical spaces. While terms are frequently interchanged, distinct performance variations govern their selection.
Belleville / Conical Washers
Belleville washers are heavy-duty conical springs engineered for high-pressure, high-temperature applications such as hydraulic assemblies, automotive suspensions, engine mounts, and trailer hitches. They offer superior load-failure resistance and can be stacked in series or parallel to form energy-absorbing spring dampers.
DIN 2093 Precision Disc Springs
DIN 2093 disc springs are standardized conical washers designed according to the rigid calculations of DIN EN 16984 (formerly DIN 2092). Intact360 manufactures DIN 2093 disc springs with high load capacity, predictable load-deflection profiles, and extended fatigue life.
Intact360 manufactures DIN 2093 disc springs using certified spring steel raw materials:
- Equivalent Standards: UNI 8737 / EN 16983
- Spring Steel C80 / EN 42 J: High-carbon spring steel for general mechanical deflections.
- Spring Steel C67S (1.1231) / UNS G10700: Cold-rolled spring steel providing high yield strength.
- Spring Steel 51CrV4 (1.8159) / UNS G61500: Chromium-vanadium alloy steel engineered for extreme fatigue resistance.
- Finish Availability: Zinc Phosphate & Oiled, Plain Black Finish & Oiled, HDG, or Stainless Steel.
Specialized Spring Washer Styles & Application Mechanics
Different mechanical assemblies require specialized spring geometries to deliver axial flexibility, damp vibration, or maintain fluid seal integrity:
1. Dome Spring Washers
Featuring a rounded, concave dome profile, dome spring washers provide an expanded contact area between the fastener head and mating surface. Engineered for repeated load/unload cycles in automotive applications, the dome shape dampens severe vibration loosening while creating an effective fluid seal against water penetration.
2. Wave Spring Washers
Wave spring washers utilize a waved, undulating spring geometry to deliver thrust loading across small deflections. Because they require minimal radial space, wave washers are specified in compact thrust loading devices, automotive engines, construction equipment, and agricultural machinery.
3. Finger Spring Washers
Finger spring washers (or finger washers) feature a large outer diameter with flanged or internal finger prongs that compress and expand against shafts or bolts. Designed as a cost-effective alternative to complex bearing assemblies, finger washers reduce noise, counteract endplay, absorb axial compressive loads, and cushion high-speed motor mounts and rotating couplings.
4. Crescent Spring Washers (Curved Springs)
Crescent spring washers feature a uniform curved arch designed to support light loads across a relatively wide deflection range. Manufactured in Stainless Steel 304 and 316, load support is controlled by coil curvature and teeth-per-inch (TPI) selection.
Technical Specifications & Standard Compliance
| Spring Washer Type | Standard Compliance | Raw Material Options | Key Operational Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| DIN 2093 Disc Springs | DIN 2093 / EN 16983 / UNI 8737 | 51CrV4, C67S, C80, SS 304/316 | High load capacity with predictable small deflections |
| Belleville / Conical Washers | DIN 6796 / BN 1374 / ASME B18.21.1 | 51CrV4, Stainless Steel 316 | Extreme pressure load failure resistance in hydraulics |
| Dome Spring Washers | Automotive OEM Specifications | Spring Steel, Steel, Copper, Brass | Vibration loosening prevention & fluid joint sealing |
| Wave Spring Washers | DIN 137 B / Custom Wave Stamping | Spring Steel C67S, SS 304/316 | Compact thrust loading in restricted radial space |
| Finger Spring Washers | Internal Shaft / Coupling Standard | Brass, Stainless Steel, Spring Steel | Dampens noise, excess wear, endplay & vibration |
| Crescent Spring Washers | Curved Spring Standard | Stainless Steel 304, Stainless Steel 316 | Supports light loads over wide deflection ranges |
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Industrial Spring Washers Technical FAQ
Why choose Intact360 as your spring washers manufacturer?
What is the primary technical purpose of a spring washer?
What is the difference between a Belleville washer and a dome spring washer?
What raw materials are available for DIN 2093 disc springs?
When should wave spring washers be used in mechanical joints?
What functions do finger spring washers serve in high-speed machinery?
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